
A Autoridade Reguladora da Concorrência (ARC) aplicou uma multa de 11.109.738,05 meticais às Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique (LAM) por cobrança indevida de uma sobretarifa e por dificultar uma investigação oficial.
Segundo a ARC, a companhia aérea cobrou, em voos domésticos, uma taxa criada para compensar variações no preço do combustível em rotas internacionais — mesmo depois de o Governo ter proibido a sua aplicação em 2021.
Em alguns casos, a sobretarifa representou até 60% do valor total do bilhete. Num exemplo citado pela entidade, de um bilhete no valor de 10 mil meticais, cerca de 6 mil meticais correspondiam apenas à taxa adicional.
A ARC afirma que não existia qualquer base legal ou contabilística para a aplicação da sobretarifa, acusando a LAM de falsear o preço real dos bilhetes, prejudicando financeiramente os passageiros e abusando da sua posição dominante no mercado nacional de aviação.
Além disso, a companhia aérea não apresentou documentos e informações solicitadas pela investigação, dificultando o trabalho das autoridades. Segundo a ARC, a cobrança manteve-se para aumentar receitas e cobrir custos operacionais e sociais, incluindo despesas com combustíveis e pagamento de salários.
A decisão da ARC estabelece duas penalizações:
8.332.303,54 meticais pela cobrança indevida da sobretarifa;
2.777.434,51 meticais por não colaborar na investigação.
A LAM tem 15 dias para efetuar o pagamento e um prazo máximo de dois meses para eliminar a taxa.
O caso foi remetido à Procuradoria-Geral da República, que poderá adotar novas medidas caso surjam mais indícios de irregularidades.
Este episódio levanta questões sobre a transparência na aviação em Moçambique e a proteção dos consumidores. Casos semelhantes já ocorreram noutros países, como demonstra este estudo da International Air Transport Association (IATA) sobre regulação de tarifas.
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